The human species began as the hybrid offspring of a male pig and a female
chimpanzee, a leading geneticist has suggested.
The startling claim has been made by Eugene McCarthy, of the University of
Georgia, who is also one of the worlds leading authorities on hybridisation in
animals.
He points out that while humans have many features in common with chimps, we
also have a large number of distinguishing characteristics not found in any
other primates.
What's more, he suggests, there is one animal that has all of the traits
which distinguish humans from our primate cousins in the animal kingdom.
'What is this other animal that has all these traits?' he asks rhetorically.
'The answer is Sus scrofa, the ordinary pig.'
Dr McCarthy elaborates his astonishing hypothesis in an article on Macroevolution.net, a website he curates. He is at
pains to point out that that it is merely a hypothesis, but he presents
compelling evidence to support it.
Scientists currently suppose that chimpanzees are humans' closest living
evolutionary relatives, a theory amply backed by genetic evidence.
However, as Dr McCarthy points out, despite this genetic similarity, there
are a massive number of divergent anatomical characteristics distinguishing the
two species.
These distinguishing characteristics, including hairless skin, a thick layer
of subcutaneous fat, light-coloured eyes, protruding noses and heavy eyelashes,
to name but a few, are unmistakeably porcine, he suggests.
There are also a number of less obvious but equally inexplicable
similarities between humans and pigs in the structure of the skin and organs.
Indeed, pig skin tissues and heart valves can be used in medicine because of
their similarity and compatibility with the human body.
Dr McCarthy says that the original pig-chimp hook up was probably followed
by several generations of 'backcrossing', where the offspring of that pairing
lived among chimps and mated with them - becoming more like chimps and less
like pigs with every new generation.
This also helps to explain the problem of relative infertility in hybrids.
Dr McCarthy points out that the belief that all hybrids are sterile is in fact
false, and in many cases hybrid animals are able to breed with mates of the
same species of either parent.
After several generations the hybrid strain would have become fertile enough
to breed amongst themselves, Dr McCarthy says.
Unsurprisingly, Dr McCarthy's hypothesis has come in for substantial
criticism from orthodox evolutionary biologists and their Creationist opponents
alike.
One important criticism, which dubs his theory the 'Monkey-F******-A-Pig
hypothesis', is that there is little chance that pigs and chimps could be
interfertile. The two orders of creatures, according to evolutionary theory,
diverged roughly 80million years ago, a ScienceBlogs post points out.
'[J]ust the gradual accumulation of molecular differences in sperm and egg
recognition proteins would mean that pig sperm wouldn’t recognize a chimpanzee
egg as a reasonable target for fusion,' PZ Myers writes.
Furthermore, the blogger explains, while chimps have 48 chromosomes, pigs
have just 38.
He adds: 'Hybridizing a pig and a chimp is like taking half the dancers from
a performance of Swan Lake and the other half from a performance of Giselle and
throwing them together on stage to assemble something. It’s going to be a
catastrophe.'
Finally, he suggests rather impudently that Dr McCarthy do the experimental
work himself and try mating with a pig to see how far he gets.
But Dr McCarthy believes that, in the case of humans and other creatures,
his hybrid modification to evolutionary theory can account for a range of
phenomena that Darwinian evolution alone has difficulty explaining.
Despite the opinions of some peer reviewers that Dr McCarthy's work presents
a potentially paradigm-shifting new take on conventional views of the origins
of new life forms, he has had difficulty finding a publisher, so he has chosen
to publish a book-length manuscript outlining his ideas on his website.
In its conclusion he writes: 'I must admit that I initially felt a certain
amount of repugnance at the idea of being a hybrid. The image of a pig mating
with an ape is not a pretty one, nor is that of a horde of monstrous
half-humans breeding in a hybrid swarm.
'But the way we came to be is not so important as the fact that we now
exist. As every Machiavellian knows, good things can emerge from ugly
processes, and I think the human race is a very good thing. Moreover, there is
something to be said for the idea of having the pig as a relative.
'My opinion of this animal has much improved during the course of my
research. Where once I thought of filth and greed, I now think of intelligence,
affection, loyalty, and adaptability, with an added touch of joyous sensuality
— qualities without which humans would not be human.'
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