Hugh
Pennington, emeritus professor of bacteriorology at Aberdeen
University, warns: ‘If the disease gets going in Nigeria, it would be
cause for concern. Nigeria has close links with the UK and many other
countries.’
Professor
Pennington, an international expert, said yesterday that he was hardly
reassured by current efforts to contain Ebola’s spread.
‘This
is a very big outbreak, and I get the feeling that whatever is being
done to control it is not being done very well. Once you get a fairly
large number of cases, it gets a momentum and becomes more and more
difficult to control.
‘This is now crossing international borders.’
Professor
Pennington, who criticised the UK government over its handling of mad
cow disease, warned that Britain would be ill-equipped to cope with a
sudden influx of Ebola victims.
Isolating
them is critical, he said, but ordinary hospitals simply don’t have the
facilities or the necessary highly trained staff. The specialist
hospitals that dealt with such diseases have largely closed.
‘If
[Ebola] came into London, I honestly don’t know where they’d put the
patients,’ he said. ‘We could cope with one or two, but more than that?
Let’s hope we don’t have to.’
The
big problem with Ebola, he stressed, is diagnosing it. The disease
looks much like common flu until it’s too late. Even the rash that
sufferers get after about five days could be confused with other less
serious ailments.
‘Ebola
patients can often go under the radar, but if they ended up in
hospital, giving blood samples and coughing over everyone, it would be
potentially disastrous,’ he said.
He adds that it was crucial for British GPs and hospital doctors to start watching out for Ebola.
‘If
someone is coming in with flu-like symptoms, it’s crucial to ask them
where they’ve been — and whether they’ve been to Africa.’
Surprisingly,
scientists are still not clear exactly where Ebola comes from. The
first known outbreak was in 1976 in a remote village near the Ebola
river in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Although
most of the cases are understood to have been transmitted from human to
human, each Ebola outbreak is initially caused by someone coming into
contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected animal, such as a
fruit bat, monkey or pig. (The bats are believed to carry the disease
without being infected by it.)
The
chief cause is the popularity of ‘bush meat’ — animals trapped in the
wild. Bats and monkeys are frequently dried and then eaten without being
cooked. Since bush meat is now being smuggled into London and Paris,
scientists warn this could be another source of infection in Europe.
According
to Dr Ben Neuman, a virologist at Reading University, the disease is
spreading so rapidly now because people are ‘rescuing’ Ebola sufferers
from hospitals or snatching their dead bodies so they can wash them in
accordance with religious custom.
In
the first case of an infection in Sierra Leone, a hairdresser in
Freetown, the capital, was forcibly removed from hospital by her family,
sparking a frantic search to find her before she infected others. She
died on Sunday.
Dr Neuman also fears officials in the UK may be hard-pressed to keep out every Ebola sufferer if their numbers become too great.
‘We
have to hope they do, though, as in the late stages of infection, you
have enough virus in your body to infect everyone on Earth maybe three
times over.’